Hotline 24/7: 0909384389

Share links:

Further innovation and research is required for thrombus aspiration in PCI

Ngày 31/12/2019 09:20 | Lượt xem: 1269

The TASTE and TOTAL studies suggested that routine thombus aspiration in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) did not provide mortality benefit and may increase the risk of stroke. However, a new study (CHEETAH) is evaluating whether a next-generation aspiration catheter could lead to improved outcomes. S Jay Mathews (Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, USA), principal investigator of the study, talks to Cardiovascular News about why thrombus aspiration still has the potential to be an effective tool in PCI.

What did the TOTAL/TASTE studies indicate about the use of aspiration thrombectomy for removing thrombus in coronary vessels?

Published in 2013, TASTE randomised patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)—with or without thrombus—to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone or manual aspiration followed by PCI. The outcome was that aspiration showed no benefit when compared to the PCI-alone group and no difference in all-cause mortality.
TOTAL, published in 2015, also studied patients with STEMI, with or without thrombus, randomised to PCI alone vs. manual aspiration followed by PCI. The outcome of TOTAL was that routine aspiration showed no benefit and there was an increased rate of stroke in the manual aspiration group within 30 days.

How have these trials influenced current guidelines on thrombectomy?

They led to changes in the guidelines. In 2011, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines stated: “Manual aspiration thrombectomy is reasonable for patients undergoing primary PCI” (Class IIa). However, after the TOTAL trial, in 2015 the guidelines were changed to: “The usefulness of selective and bailout aspiration thrombectomy in patients undergoing primary PCI is not well established” (Class IIb). They also state that “routine aspiration thrombectomy before primary PCI is not useful” (Class III). Therefore, as per the guidelines, the selective use of aspiration thrombectomy may be worthwhile in patients with high thrombus burden. That is what we are currently seeing in clinical practice.

Why, despite the findings of TOTAL, is there still interest in thrombus aspiration?

One major limitation of PCI without aspiration for acute coronary syndromes is microvascular obstruction of the infarct-related artery because of downstream embolisation of thrombotic material. This can result in no-reflow phenomena and continued myocardial infarction. Moreover, in high thrombus burden, the true severity of the lesion may be obscured. There often may be a column of thrombus or stasis of blood prior to the culprit lesion. The strategy of upfront ballooning to restore flow may result in injury to healthy vessels and require longer stent lengths during PCI. High thrombus burden patients often require more expensive pharmacological agents, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, just to help reduce clots. These patients also tend to be sicker, requiring monitoring in intensive care postprocedurally.
In 2018, the TOTAL authors studied a subset of patients with high thrombus burden from the trial. They found an increased rate of stroke in the high thrombus burden patient subset, but with a reduction of distal embolisation. They concluded: “There may be a potential for future thrombus removal devices to reduce mortality if they are able to avoid an increased stroke risk. Further innovation and research are needed in this high-risk population.”
Therefore, PCI with thrombectomy has been regaining attention as a way to mitigate high thrombus burden. Adjunctive therapies such as CAT RX (Penumbra) can help address the thrombus in coronary vessels during PCI, as is being studied in CHEETAH.

What are the aims of the new CHEETAH study?

The CHEETAH study aims to evaluate initial safety and collect performance data for Penumbra’s Indigo aspiration system with the CAT RX aspiration catheter, when used as an adjunctive device prior to standard of care PCI in patients with high thrombus burden in coronary vessels.

How is this technology different from the technology assessed in the TOTAL trial?

Clinical evidence has shown that aspiration thrombectomy is capable of removing thrombotic material from occluded coronary arteries. This may improve thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and possibly prevent no-reflow phenomenon. Early evidence suggested a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, although larger randomised clinical trials using routine aspiration for all myocardial infarction patients were unable to confirm those results. All prior thrombectomy trials used small volume (for example, 30cc) syringes using catheters with smaller lumens. Manual aspiration also suffers from decreased aspiration force as the syringe fills with fluid. With an inconsistent vacuum, there is decreased efficacy and a potential for systemic embolisation during catheter removal. This phenomenon was reported in the TOTAL trial in 2015 and led to a decline in the use of aspiration thrombectomy in acute coronary syndromes. Subgroup analysis exploring the high thrombus burden subset of patients highlighted the potential for improved outcomes with better technology. This has motivated further innovation in the field of coronary aspiration.
The aim of mechanical power thrombus aspiration is to deliver consistent suction throughout the aspiration cycle in order to maximise efficiency of thrombus removal. Removing thrombus from hard-to-reach vessels requires a highly deliverable, atraumatic catheter. With CAT RX, Penumbra has adapted their neurotracking technology used in stroke intervention combined with their mechanical power aspiration system to address the limitations of traditional manual aspiration thrombectomy in coronaries.

Why might these differences lead to different outcomes than those seen in the TOTAL trial?

Just like the IMS-III trial for ischaemic stroke, the TOTAL trial highlighted that new therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of these patients with high thrombus burden. Early experience with CAT RX data was presented at American College of Cardiology (ACC) Scientific Sessions. These data showed both initial safety and efficacy for the CAT RX mechanical power aspiration catheter for thrombus removal in acute myocardial infarction patients. These results are very encouraging and, to date, CAT RX has now been used in more than 5,000 patients with acute coronary syndromes. The CHEETAH study is the first step towards making coronary mechanical thrombectomy the standard of care for high thrombus burden patients. We expect this study to refine our technique of thrombus aspiration and fine tune the use of the CAT RX for patients with high thrombus burden.

Which patients do you think could benefit the most from mechanical thrombectomy for thrombus removal in the coronary vessels?

Mechanical thrombectomy could potentially benefit patients with high thrombus burden in the coronaries. For the purposes of the CHEETAH study, we have selected to enrol patients with TIMI grade 4 and 5 thrombus.

What lesson can be learnt from the use of mechanical thrombectomy to treat acute ischaemic stroke?

Early experience with stroke intervention was disappointing. After the failure of IMS III, it took a group of dedicated neurointerventionalists, proper patient selection, and advances in technology to pursue the MR CLEAN trial—which unequivocally established the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke. We are currently in an era not dissimilar to that time period in the coronary space. Further innovation and research is needed for acute coronary syndrome patients with high thrombus burden to benefit this high-risk patient population.

Source CardiovascularNews

Duc Tin Clinic

Tin tức liên quan

Enrolment reaches midway point in trial of Early Bird bleed monitoring system

Eight-fold increased risk of heart attack seen in patients with subclinical obstructive coronary atherosclerosis

ACC 2023: REVIVED-BCIS-2 results challenge “long-held beliefs” on myocardial viability testing prior to PCI

Blood pressure successfully cut in RADIANCE II ultrasound renal denervation trial

New data examine mortality rates and cardiac damage in early-stage aortic stenosis patients

SUPPORT CONSULTANT

CUSTOMER REVIEWS

• I am Nguyen Thanh Sang, born in 1990. Since the examination and treatment at the clinic Duc Tin, I am very grateful to the Doctor for explaining and sharing about my illness. During the treatment time in the clinic I was very caring staff of the clinic. Now my illness has improved in a good way. Expect more and more clinic to be able to save many patients.

  I sincerely thank you !. Tel: 0938303275

• Huynh Thi Muoi, born in 1940, was examined and treated at Duc Tin Clinic. I am very pleased about how to serve and care patients of the clinic. The doctor is committed to explaining and sharing with the patient.

  Huynh Thi Muoi sincerely thank you! Phone number: 0972868746

• As I said Duc Tin surgical clinin is where my family trust, hope to visit. Physicians caring, thoughtful, gentle to the patient. Nurses and staff clinic polite, cheerful and thoughtful. This clinic clean, sterile, so I would love to. Tel: +84949914060.

• The doctor is very caring, attentive and very gentle nurse, courteous, affable with me. The clinic is clean, comfortable, polite. I enjoyed this faith. Every visit I was very relieved disease. Tel: 0839820792.

• I was patient, had to clinics of Dr. Le Duc Tin. I see very conscientious doctor patient care, answer any questions and very dedicated staff from the receptionist to the children tested, nursing. Clinics very clean and spacious. I'm very satisfied. Tel: +841227880829.

Search

News

Customer support